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In addition to their practical benefits, FRP vessels exhibit excellent thermal insulation properties. This characteristic is particularly advantageous in applications requiring the storage and transport of temperature-sensitive materials. FRP vessels can help maintain constant temperatures, thereby preserving the integrity of their contents. This is crucial in industries such as food and pharmaceuticals where temperature fluctuations can lead to spoilage or loss of efficacy.
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Moreover, the region of sourcing can also impact pricing. Suppliers in different geographical locations may offer varied prices due to differences in transportation costs, availability of raw materials, and local market conditions. Buyers must consider these regional variances when negotiating prices and establishing long-term relationships with suppliers. In many cases, sourcing from manufacturers that can produce high-quality lithopone pigments at competitive rates can lead to significant cost savings.
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Lithopone B301, Lithopone B311 Powder
Import and export data
According to customs data, the cumulative import volume of titanium dioxide from January to November 2022 is about 116200 tons, a decrease of 34.06% over the same period last year, and the import volume is about 60000 tons; It is estimated that the annual import volume will be 120000 tons, about 70000 tons less than last year. The domestic market demand is weak, and the import of titanium dioxide in China has declined significantly. The new capacity of domestic chlorinated titanium dioxide increased, and the high-end titanium dioxide imported from abroad decreased accordingly.
According to customs data, from January to November 2022, the total export volume of titanium dioxide was about 1279100 tons, an increase of 8.58% over the same period last year, and the export volume increased by about 101100 tons. The export market maintained a stable and rising trend, and the annual export volume is expected to be 1.38 million tons. The export situation in the first half of the year was better than that in the second half, and the overall export market maintained an increasing trend.
Capacity output
According to public data, the cumulative output of titanium dioxide from January to November 2022 is about 3.5755 million tons, up 3% over the same period of last year, with an increase of about 96400 tons, and the annual output is expected to be 3.9 million tons. The enterprises that have increased the output of titanium dioxide this year are mainly, an increase of 11%
The output growth rate was 2%. This year, the newly launched enterprises CITIC Titanium Industry, Yibin Tianyuan, Shengwei Fuquan and Xianghai Titanium Industry had a significant increase in output compared with last year, and the output of more than 20 small and medium-sized enterprises in the market decreased by different degrees compared with last year.
Downstream terminal
From January to November, the national real estate development investment was 12386.3 billion yuan, down 9.8% year on year; Among them, the residential investment was 9401.6 billion yuan, down 9.2%.
From January to November, the housing construction area of real estate development enterprises was 8968.57 million square meters, down 6.5% year on year. Among them, the residential construction area was 6339.16 million square meters, down 6.7%. The newly started housing area was 1116.32 million square meters, down 38.9%. Among them, the newly started residential area was 817.34 million square meters, down 39.5%. The completed housing area was 557.09 million square meters, down 19.0%. Among them, the completed residential area was 404.42 million square meters, down 18.4%.
From January to November, the sales area of commercial housing was 1212.5 million square meters, down 23.3% year on year, including the residential sales area, down 26.2%. The sales volume of commercial housing was 11864.8 billion yuan, down 26.6%, of which the sales volume of residential housing was down 28.4%.
At the end of November, the area of commercial housing for sale was 55.203 million square meters, with a year-on-year growth of 10.0%. Among them, the residential area for sale increased by 18.0%.
From January to November, the paid in capital of real estate development enterprises was 13631.3 billion yuan, down 25.7% year on year. Among them, domestic loans amounted to 1582.3 billion yuan, down 26.9%; The utilization of foreign capital was 6.6 billion yuan, down 26.6%; Self raised funds amounted to 4899.4 billion yuan, down 17.5%; Deposit and advance receipts amounted to 4460.1 billion yuan, down 33.6%; Personal mortgage loans reached 2187 billion yuan, down 26.2%.
On the whole, affected by the economic pressure this year, the sales volume of real estate has gradually declined this year, and the national infrastructure investment index has also continued to decline. The demand growth of the downstream coating industry will slow down. At present, the purchase restriction policy of real estate has been cancelled, and in November, a trillion yuan of large state-owned banks rushed to help the real estate industry, which is good for the current market to a certain extent.
3. Future market forecast
According to the titanium dioxide analysts from the Chemical Branch of the Business Cooperative, the market price of titanium dioxide will fall sharply in 2022. Affected by the economic situation, the domestic market will be light, but the export market will remain good. The introduction of various favorable policies for real estate before the year will benefit the titanium dioxide market to some extent. It is expected that the titanium dioxide market will mainly maintain stable operation in the short term.
Prof. Matthew Wright, chair of EFSA’s working group on E171, noted: “Although the evidence for general toxic effects was not conclusive, on the basis of the new data and strengthened methods we could not rule out a concern for genotoxicity and consequently we could not establish a safe level for daily intake of the food additive.”
RRAM and the New Computing Paradigm
Example of partial substitution of titanium dioxide with lithopone supplier 30% in a liquid paint.
1. Using roasting and leaching method. The reaction equation is as follows:
Titanium is a metal element found naturally in the environment. When it's exposed to oxygen in the air, it forms titanium oxides that are contained in many minerals, sands, soils, and dusts.
While IARC listed titanium dioxide as “possibly carcinogenic to humans,” they also add that “there is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of titanium dioxide.” Of the four human studies that they reviewed, only one showed a potential risk for occupational workers inhaling titanium dioxide particles and lung cancer, while the other three showed no risk for cancer at all. And it’s key to note that IARC did not assess the effects of titanium dioxide found in foods.
The author thanks Marco Leona, Scientist-in-Charge of the Department of Scientific Research at the Metropolitan Museum of Art for conducting fluorescence spectrometry on Wheel of Fortune and a valuable discussion of the research, as well as Silvia Centeno, Research Scientist at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, who performed Raman analysis on the watercolors and also contributed her insight. The phenomenon of the phosphorescing lithopone was originally discovered during the author's fellowship in the Sherman Fairchild Center for the Conservation of Works on Paper, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The author thanks all her colleagues for their ideas and support during the research of this paper, and special thanks to Rachel Mustalish for her assistance in editing this work.
EFSA's evaluation is related to the risks of TiO2 used as a food additive, not to other uses.
In its statement to USA TODAY, the FDA maintained that, in all post-approvals for food additives, our scientists continue to review relevant new information to determine whether there are safety questions and whether the use of such substance is no longer safe under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

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TiO2 comes in many different forms. However, only a few of these forms are considered food-grade (acceptable to be added to food). Many studies that raised concern about the safety of TiO2, including the concern for genotoxicity, used forms of TiO2 that are not considered acceptable for use in food and have different properties than food-grade TiO2. Other studies did use food-grade TiO2, but took steps to break the material down into smaller particles than what would normally be found in food.

The US and Canada, however, approve the use of titanium dioxide as a food additive. Canada's recent review of titanium dioxide reconfirmed its safety and pointed out that many of the toxicity studies the EU reviewed were not relevant to the safety of titanium dioxide as a food ingredient, and that the ban is based on an abundance of caution and uncertainty.
Titanium dioxide (E171) is an additive that is used in food as a colour. The function of food colours is to make food more visually appealing, to give colour to food that would otherwise be colourless, or to restore the original appearance of food. Titanium dioxide is used to provide whiteness and opacity to foods.